{"id":8089,"date":"2026-03-06T06:40:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T05:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vosveteit.zoznam.sk\/vedavovrecku\/?p=8089"},"modified":"2026-03-06T06:40:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T05:40:22","slug":"planeta-opic-sa-mylila-zem-bez-ludi-bude-vyzerat-takto-vedcov-odhad-prekvapil-mnohych-odbornikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vosveteit.zoznam.sk\/vedavovrecku\/planeta-opic-sa-mylila-zem-bez-ludi-bude-vyzerat-takto-vedcov-odhad-prekvapil-mnohych-odbornikov\/","title":{"rendered":"Plan\u00e9ta op\u00edc sa m\u00fdlila, Zem bez \u013eud\u00ed bude vyzera\u0165 takto: Vedcov odhad prekvapil mnoh\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov"},"content":{"rendered":"

My \u013eudia m\u00e1me tendenciu pozera\u0165 na plan\u00e9tu ako na n\u00e1\u0161 trval\u00fd domov. Hist\u00f3ria Zeme v\u0161ak ukazuje \u00faplne in\u00fa realitu. \u017diadny druh tu nevl\u00e1dol nav\u017edy. Dinosaury<\/a> dominovali desiatky mili\u00f3nov rokov a napriek tomu zmizli. Evol\u00facia n\u00e1sledne pokra\u010dovala bez nich.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch vedcov by podobn\u00fd scen\u00e1r raz mohol \u010daka\u0165 aj \u013eudstvo.<\/strong> Ot\u00e1zka preto neznie len \u010di, ale aj kto by n\u00e1s raz mohol nahradi\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00fa odpove\u010f pon\u00faka evolu\u010dn\u00fd biol\u00f3g Tim Coulson z Oxfordskej univerzity. Vo svojej knihe The Universal History of Us<\/em> sa pok\u00fasil predstavi\u0165, ako by mohol vyzera\u0165 svet po \u013eu\u010foch a ktor\u00fd druh by mohol prevzia\u0165 \u00falohu dominantn\u00e9ho inteligentn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. <\/strong>Jeho tip prekvapil aj mnoh\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov, uviedol port\u00e1l Earth.<\/a><\/p>\n

Evol\u00facia nikdy nezastav\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Coulson sa vo svojom v\u00fdskume venuje tomu, ako sa druhy objavuj\u00fa, menia a nakoniec mizn\u00fa<\/strong>. Na evol\u00faciu sa Coulson pozer\u00e1, na rozdiel od in\u00fdch, pomerne priamo\u010diaro.<\/p>\n

\u201eEvol\u00facia znamen\u00e1 postupn\u00fa zmenu organizmov v \u010dase, ke\u010f sa lep\u0161ie prisp\u00f4sobia svojmu prostrediu,\u201c vysvet\u013euje vedec.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Proces poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa genetick\u00e9<\/a> mut\u00e1cie. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina mut\u00e1ci\u00ed organizmu nepom\u00f4\u017ee. Ob\u010das sa v\u0161ak objav\u00ed tak\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 poskytne v\u00fdhodu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina mut\u00e1ci\u00ed \u0161kod\u00ed, ale niektor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa v\u00fdhodu pri pre\u017eit\u00ed alebo rozmno\u017eovan\u00ed,\u201c uv\u00e1dza Coulson.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ak tak\u00e1to mut\u00e1cia vznikne, jej nositelia maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu \u0161ancu pre\u017ei\u0165 a odovzda\u0165 ju \u010fal\u0161\u00edm gener\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/strong> Takto sa vlastnosti druhov menia po\u010das tis\u00edcok gener\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska v\u0161ak plat\u00ed nepr\u00edjemn\u00e1 pravda.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eVyhynutie \u010dak\u00e1 v\u0161etky druhy vr\u00e1tane \u013eud\u00ed, hoci d\u00fafam, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 koniec pr\u00edde a\u017e ve\u013emi \u010faleko v bud\u00facnosti,\u201c hovor\u00ed Coulson.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Coulson si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dloveka nahrad\u00ed ne\u010dakan\u00fd kandid\u00e1t<\/h3>\n

Ke\u010f vedci rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00fa o n\u00e1stupcoch \u013eud\u00ed, prv\u00fd tip \u010dasto smeruje k prim\u00e1tom. \u0160impanzy<\/a> alebo gorily s\u00fa geneticky ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko \u010dloveku a disponuj\u00fa pomerne vysokou inteligenciou.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Po\u010dul
Zdroj: Kumamoto Sanctuary – CC BY-SA<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Coulson v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uje na jeden probl\u00e9m. Prim\u00e1ty s\u00fa silno z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od soci\u00e1lnych skup\u00edn a stabiln\u00e9ho prostredia.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201ePrim\u00e1ty sa spoliehaj\u00fa na siln\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne siete a aktivity ako lov, starostlivos\u0165 o srs\u0165 \u010di obranu,\u201c vysvet\u013euje.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tak\u00e1to z\u00e1vislos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v nestabilnom svete sk\u00f4r nev\u00fdhodou.<\/strong> Ak by \u013eudstvo zmizlo po glob\u00e1lnej katastrofe alebo drastickej zmene kl\u00edmy, mnoho prim\u00e1tov by sa s nov\u00fdmi podmienkami vyrovnalo len \u0165a\u017eko.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Coulson preto pon\u00faka prekvapiv\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta a s\u00fa nim chobotnice.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chobotnice maj\u00fa vysok\u00fa inteligenciu, ktor\u00e1 ohromuje vedcov<\/h3>\n

Chobotnice<\/a> u\u017e dnes vykazuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 vedcov fascinuje. Dok\u00e1\u017eu rie\u0161i\u0165 logick\u00e9 \u00falohy, otv\u00e1ra\u0165 n\u00e1doby alebo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 jednoduch\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eIch schopnos\u0165 rie\u0161i\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, komunikova\u0165 zmenami farby a manipulova\u0165 s predmetmi nazna\u010duje, \u017ee by za vhodn\u00fdch podmienok mohli evolu\u010dne smerova\u0165 k civiliza\u010dn\u00e9mu druhu,\u201c uv\u00e1dza Coulson.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 centr\u00e1 zaznamenali aj zvl\u00e1\u0161tne no\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fateky z akv\u00e1ri\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Ktor\u00fd
Zdroj: Unsplash (Neer Naor)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201eNiektor\u00e9 chobotnice v laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch v noci op\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa svoje n\u00e1dr\u017ee a nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa susedn\u00e9 akv\u00e1ri\u00e1,\u201c spom\u00edna vedec.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tak\u00e9to spr\u00e1vanie nazna\u010duje vysok\u00fa mieru zvedavosti a u\u010denia.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chobotnice dok\u00e1\u017eu meni\u0165 svoju RNA, my nie<\/h3>\n

Chobotnice maj\u00fa e\u0161te jednu vlastnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 vedcov mimoriadne zaujala. Na rozdiel od v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov dok\u00e1\u017eu upravova\u0165 svoju RNA.<\/strong><\/p>\n

U \u013eud\u00ed s\u00fa genetick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie pevne zap\u00edsan\u00e9 v DNA.<\/strong> Evolu\u010dn\u00e1 zmena preto trv\u00e1 mnoho gener\u00e1ci\u00ed. Chobotnice v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017eu meni\u0165 RNA, molekulu, ktor\u00e1 pren\u00e1\u0161a pokyny z DNA do buniek<\/strong>. Tento proces umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u00fdchle prisp\u00f4sobenie napr\u00edklad zmen\u00e1m teploty alebo prostredia.<\/p>\n

Vedci to niekedy prirovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa k biologick\u00e9mu softv\u00e9rov\u00e9mu updatu<\/strong>. Organizmus dok\u00e1\u017ee reagova\u0165 na nov\u00e9 podmienky bez \u010dakania na pomal\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie. Tak\u00e1to flexibilita m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v nestabilnom svete ve\u013ekou v\u00fdhodou.<\/p>\n

Inteligencia rozdelen\u00e1 do ch\u00e1padiel<\/h3>\n

\u010eal\u0161ia zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165 chobotn\u00edc s\u00favis\u00ed s ich nervov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom. U \u013eud\u00ed sa takmer cel\u00e9 vedomie nach\u00e1dza v mozgu. Chobotnice v\u0161ak funguj\u00fa \u00faplne inak. Pribli\u017ene dve tretiny ich neur\u00f3nov sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa priamo v ramen\u00e1ch. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 rameno dok\u00e1\u017ee samostatne reagova\u0165 na podnety, ochutn\u00e1va\u0165 prostredie a rie\u0161i\u0165 jednoduch\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/strong><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee chobotnica v ur\u010ditom zmysle \u201emysl\u00ed\u201c cel\u00fdm telom. <\/strong>Ak by sa u nich raz objavila civiliz\u00e1cia, jej technol\u00f3gia by pravdepodobne vych\u00e1dzala z \u00faplne in\u00e9ho sp\u00f4sobu vn\u00edmania sveta.<\/a><\/p>\n

Napriek tomu maj\u00fa chobotnice slabinu, ktor\u00e1 br\u00e1ni evol\u00facii<\/h3>\n

Chobotnice maj\u00fa aj v\u00e1\u017enu slabinu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina druhov \u017eije ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tko, \u010dasto len jeden a\u017e p\u00e4\u0165 rokov.<\/strong> Po rozmno\u017eovan\u00ed navy\u0161e hyn\u00fa a o svoje potomstvo sa nestaraj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mlad\u00e9 chobotnice za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa \u017eivot prakticky bez u\u010denia od rodi\u010dov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jedinec mus\u00ed objavi\u0165 svet od za\u010diatku. Civiliz\u00e1cia v\u0161ak vznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka odovzd\u00e1vaniu vedomost\u00ed medzi gener\u00e1ciami.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ak by evol\u00facia priniesla mut\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 by pred\u013a\u017eila \u017eivot chobotn\u00edc alebo umo\u017enila soci\u00e1lne u\u010denie,<\/strong> ich v\u00fdvoj by sa mohol v\u00fdrazne zr\u00fdchli\u0165.<\/p>\n

\"molekula
Zdroj: Connect world \/ Shutterstock.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ak by \u013eudstvo zmizlo, ekosyst\u00e9my by sa postupne stabilizovali. Lesy by znovu obsadili mest\u00e1, oce\u00e1ny by z\u00edskali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam ne\u017e dnes a evol\u00facia by pokra\u010dovala.<\/strong> Coulson v\u0161ak prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a aj zauj\u00edmav\u00fa predstavu.<\/p>\n

\u201eMohli by chobotnice vybudova\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 podmorsk\u00e9 mest\u00e1 a raz vych\u00e1dza\u0165 na s\u00fa\u0161 s d\u00fdchac\u00edmi pr\u00edstrojmi?\u201c p\u00fdta sa vedec: \u201eNane\u0161\u0165astie neexistuje sp\u00f4sob, ako to zisti\u0165.\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vedci prizn\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee pravidl\u00e1 evol\u00facie zatia\u013e nepozn\u00e1me<\/h3>\n

Vedci z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee ide sk\u00f4r o my\u0161lienkov\u00fd experiment ne\u017e o presn\u00fa predpove\u010f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bud\u00facnos\u0165 evol\u00facie toti\u017e formuje mno\u017estvo n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch udalost\u00ed, <\/strong>mut\u00e1cie, katastrofy alebo zmeny popul\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1hodn\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie, nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9 vyhynutia a popula\u010dn\u00e9 kr\u00edzy m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdrazne ovplyvni\u0165 smer evol\u00facie,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Coulson.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In\u00fdmi slovami, Zem po \u013eu\u010foch m\u00f4\u017ee vyzera\u0165 \u00faplne inak, ne\u017e si dnes dok\u00e1\u017eeme predstavi\u0165.<\/strong> Hist\u00f3ria plan\u00e9ty v\u0161ak ukazuje jednu vec celkom jasne: \u017eivot pokra\u010duje aj po z\u00e1niku dominantn\u00fdch druhov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

My \u013eudia m\u00e1me tendenciu pozera\u0165 na plan\u00e9tu ako na n\u00e1\u0161 trval\u00fd domov. Hist\u00f3ria Zeme v\u0161ak ukazuje \u00faplne in\u00fa realitu. \u017diadny druh tu nevl\u00e1dol …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8091,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,18,21],"tags":[2557,1594,104,47,177,274,305,78,2736,205,2735],"class_list":["post-8089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ludia","category-zem","category-zvierata","tag-chobotnice","tag-civilizacia","tag-clovek","tag-evolucia","tag-inteligencia","tag-neurony","tag-opice","tag-simpanzy","tag-vnimanie-sveta","tag-vyvoj","tag-zem-bez-ludi"],"yoast_head":"\nPlan\u00e9ta op\u00edc sa m\u00fdlila, Zem bez \u013eud\u00ed bude vyzera\u0165 takto: Vedcov odhad prekvapil mnoh\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov - Veda vo vrecku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Evolu\u010dn\u00fd biol\u00f3g Tim Coulson tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ak by \u010dlovek 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