{"id":7602,"date":"2025-08-12T19:00:36","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T18:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vosveteit.zoznam.sk\/vedavovrecku\/?p=7602"},"modified":"2025-08-12T16:56:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T15:56:46","slug":"co-viedlo-k-prepuknutiu-pandemii-moru-v-prehistorickych-spolocnostiach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vosveteit.zoznam.sk\/vedavovrecku\/co-viedlo-k-prepuknutiu-pandemii-moru-v-prehistorickych-spolocnostiach\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co viedlo k prepuknutiu pand\u00e9mi\u00ed moru v prehistorick\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z In\u0161tit\u00fatu Maxa Plancka<\/a> odhalili, \u017ee v pr\u00edpadoch \u0161\u00edrenia prehistorick\u00e9ho moru s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou \u00falohou zohrali \u00falohu dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pribli\u017ene pred 5 000 rokmi sa po celej Eur\u00e1zii roz\u0161\u00edrila z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 forma moru, ktor\u00e1 o 2 000 rokov nesk\u00f4r zmizla. Tento z\u00e1hadn\u00fd rod \u201emoru LNBA\u201c, zn\u00e1my len z d\u00e1vnej DNA, vedcov zmiatol, pokia\u013e ide o jeho pravdepodobn\u00fd zoonotick\u00fd p\u00f4vod a prenos. V novej \u0161t\u00fadii v\u00fdskumn\u00edci tento starovek\u00fd mor po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t identifikovan\u00fd u zviera\u0165a. T\u00fdm zviera\u0165om bola 4-tis\u00edc rokov star\u00e1 domestikovan\u00e1 ovca.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u00f4\u017ene d\u00f4kazy poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee infekcie moru u \u013eud\u00ed aj u oviec poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z nezn\u00e1meho divok\u00e9ho rezervo\u00e1ra. Ovce, ktor\u00e9 boli v oblasti roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9, sa pravdepodobne dostali bli\u017e\u0161ie k tomuto rezervo\u00e1ru.<\/strong>\u00a0Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia ale pouk\u00e1zala na bli\u017e\u0161ie prepojenie domestikovan\u00fdch zvierat a \u0161\u00edren\u00edm jednej z najhor\u0161\u00edch bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed v hist\u00f3ri\u00ed \u013eudstva. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00f4\u017eeme v\u010faka tomu lep\u0161ie zodpoveda\u0165, ako dok\u00e1zal tento patog\u00e9n tak \u00faspe\u0161ne infikova\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed naprie\u010d tis\u00edckami kilometrov a\u00a0naprie\u010d tis\u00edckami rokov.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"starodavne
Zdroj: Morphart Creation \/ shutterstock.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hist\u00f3ria jednej z najhor\u0161\u00edch bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Mor sp\u00f4sobuje bakt\u00e9ria Yersinia pestis, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 naozaj dlh\u00fa hist\u00f3riu. Ako ale hovoria autori \u0161t\u00fadie, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dnes zn\u00e1mych \u013eudsk\u00fdch patog\u00e9nov m\u00e1 zoonotick\u00fd p\u00f4vod<\/strong>. \u010coraz viac d\u00f4kazov z\u00e1rove\u0148 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mno\u017estvo infek\u010dn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b sa objavili v obdob\u00ed posledn\u00fdch 10-tis\u00edc rokov, \u010do sa prekr\u00fdva s domestik\u00e1ciou u\u017eitkov\u00fdch zvierat a dom\u00e1cich mil\u00e1\u010dikov.<\/a> Autori \u0161t\u00fadie hovoria, \u017ee \u010doraz bli\u017e\u0161ie vz\u0165ahy s t\u00fdmito \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchmi mohli by\u0165 zdrojom r\u00f4znych chor\u00f4b pre\u00a0\u010dloveka.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum patog\u00e9nov z prastar\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov prostredn\u00edctvom DNA<\/a> pon\u00faka jedine\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 sk\u00fama\u0165, ako sa postupne objavovali \u013eudsk\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenia.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMor patr\u00ed pravdepodobne k najsmrte\u013enej\u0161\u00edm zoonotick\u00fdm ochoreniam, ak\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me. \u0160\u00edri sa prostredn\u00edctvom b\u013ach, ktor\u00e9 \u017eij\u00fa na potkanoch. Po\u010das hist\u00f3rie zabil mor mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed, hlavne po\u010das takzvanej \u010ciernej smrti, jednej z najhor\u0161\u00edch pand\u00e9mi\u00ed sveta, ktor\u00e1 \u013eudstvo postihla v 14.\u00a0Storo\u010d\u00ed. Po\u010das nej mor vyhubil viac ako tretinu popul\u00e1cie Eur\u00f3py,\u201d hovoria autori \u0161t\u00fadie.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Av\u0161ak, e\u0161te pred ve\u013ek\u00fdmi historick\u00fdmi pand\u00e9miami, kolovala po celej Eur\u00e1zii geneticky odli\u0161n\u00e1, prehistorick\u00e1 forma moru, ktor\u00e1 sa objavila pribli\u017ene pred 5 000 rokmi. Dnes je zn\u00e1ma ako l\u00ednia z neskor\u00e9ho neolitu a doby bronzovej (LNBA), ktor\u00e1 infikovala \u013eudsk\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu takmer 3 000 rokov, ne\u017e zmizla a pravdepodobne vyhynula. Prekvapuj\u00face je, \u017ee l\u00ednii LNBA ch\u00fdba k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd genetick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na prenos b\u013ach, ak\u00fdm disponuj\u00fa historick\u00e9 aj modern\u00e9 kmene moru, \u010do rob\u00ed sp\u00f4sob jej prenosu z\u00e1hadn\u00fdm.<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci vedeli, \u017ee za \u0161\u00edren\u00edm tejto formy moru mus\u00ed st\u00e1\u0165 in\u00fd \u017eivo\u010d\u00edch<\/strong>. Vedci sa pok\u00fasili vyrie\u0161i\u0165 sklada\u010dku t\u00fdm, \u017ee sk\u00famali kosti a zuby domestikovan\u00fdch zvierat z obdobia bronzovej doby. Kosti a zuby poch\u00e1dzali z n\u00e1leziska Arkaim v Rusku.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cArkaim bol s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou kult\u00farneho komplexu Sintashta a pon\u00fakol n\u00e1m skvel\u00e9 miesto na h\u013eadanie ind\u00edci\u00ed moru: boli to prv\u00e9 pastierske spolo\u010dnosti bez ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek skladovania obilia, ktor\u00e9 by pril\u00e1kalo potkany a ich blchy a u predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sintashtsk\u00fdch jedincov sa na\u0161li infekcie Y. pestis. Mohol by ich dobytok by\u0165 ch\u00fdbaj\u00facim \u010dl\u00e1nkom?\u201c P\u00fdta sa doktor Taylor Hermes, jeden z autorov \u0161t\u00fadie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"bakteria
Zdroj: Leigh Prather \/ shutterstock.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Prav\u00fd p\u00f4vodca ale ost\u00e1va z\u00e1hadou<\/h3>\n

Porovnanie starovek\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu Y. pestis z ovce s in\u00fdmi starovek\u00fdmi a modern\u00fdmi gen\u00f3mami odhalilo, \u017ee gen\u00f3m Y. pestis z ovce sa ve\u013emi zhodoval s t\u00fdm, ktor\u00fd infikoval \u010dloveka na ne\u010falekom mieste v pribli\u017ene rovnakom \u010dase.<\/strong> Autori \u0161t\u00fadie hovoria, \u017ee ak by nevedeli, \u017ee poch\u00e1dza od ovce, pravdepodobne by to pova\u017eovali za \u010fal\u0161iu \u013eudsk\u00fa infekciu.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci ale dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee st\u00e1le nemaj\u00fa potuchy, z ak\u00e9ho rezervo\u00e1ra sa bakt\u00e9ria dostala na ovce a n\u00e1sledne na \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong>. Hovoria v\u0161ak, \u017ee jeho n\u00e1jdenie bude \u010fal\u0161\u00edm cie\u013eom ich v\u00fdskumu. Nov\u00e9 zistenia v tomto odbore n\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu pochopi\u0165 nielen ako sa mor<\/a> vyv\u00edjal, ale ako sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyv\u00edja\u0165 bud\u00face pand\u00e9mie.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z In\u0161tit\u00fatu Maxa Plancka odhalili, \u017ee v pr\u00edpadoch \u0161\u00edrenia prehistorick\u00e9ho moru s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou \u00falohou zohrali \u00falohu dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1.\u00a0\u00a0 Pribli\u017ene pred 5 000 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,16],"tags":[512,569,2274,104,55,2270,2273,1257,2272,2271],"class_list":["post-7602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia","category-zdravie","tag-bakteria","tag-choroba","tag-cierna-smrt","tag-clovek","tag-historia","tag-mor","tag-najhorsia","tag-pandemia","tag-y-pestis","tag-yersinia-pestis"],"yoast_head":"\n\u010co viedlo k prepuknutiu pand\u00e9mi\u00ed moru v prehistorick\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach? - Veda vo vrecku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci zistili, \u010do viedlo k prepuknutiam pand\u00e9mi\u00ed moru v prehistorick\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach bronzovej doby. 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