{"id":3432,"date":"2023-05-02T10:30:50","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T10:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vosveteit.zoznam.sk\/vedavovrecku\/?p=3432"},"modified":"2023-05-02T10:30:50","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T10:30:50","slug":"vidia-ludia-a-opice-farby-rovnako","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vosveteit.zoznam.sk\/vedavovrecku\/vidia-ludia-a-opice-farby-rovnako\/","title":{"rendered":"Vidia \u013eudia a opice farby rovnako?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum zameran\u00fd na farebn\u00e9 videnie nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee \u013eudia dok\u00e1\u017eu vn\u00edma\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah farieb v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s opicami<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci vo svojom \u010dl\u00e1nku uverejnenom 25. apr\u00edla v odbornom \u010dasopise<\/a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee “v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 spojenia objaven\u00e9 v \u013eudskej sietnici m\u00f4\u017eu nazna\u010dova\u0165 ned\u00e1vne evolu\u010dn\u00e9 adapt\u00e1cie na posielanie zlep\u0161en\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov farebn\u00e9ho videnia z oka do mozgu”.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci <\/strong>z University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle porovnali<\/a> spojenia medzi nervov\u00fdmi bunkami pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00facimi farbu v sietniciach \u013eud\u00ed a\u00a0dvoch druhov op\u00edc <\/strong>– starosvetsk\u00fdch makakov a marmosetov. Skor\u00ed predkovia \u013eud\u00ed, sa od t\u00fdchto dvoch l\u00edni\u00ed prim\u00e1tov odch\u00fdlili pribli\u017ene pred 25 mili\u00f3nmi rokov.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00edm met\u00f3dy mikroskopick\u00e9ho rekon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9ho merania sa vedci sna\u017eili zisti\u0165, \u010di je neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 prepojenie oblast\u00ed s\u00favisiacich s farebn\u00fdm viden\u00edm zachovan\u00e9 u t\u00fdchto troch druhov<\/strong>, aj napriek tomu, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich pre\u0161iel vlastnou nez\u00e1vislou evolu\u010dnou cestou.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa pozreli na ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 bunky sietnice, ktor\u00e9 zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa svetlo a\u00a0s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za vn\u00edmanie farieb a jasnosti<\/strong>. Tieto bunky s\u00fa vysoko citliv\u00e9 na svetlo a\u00a0delia sa na tri z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 typy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa citliv\u00e9 na kr\u00e1tke, stredn\u00e9 a dlh\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 d\u013a\u017eky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdch buniek je citliv\u00fd na ur\u010dit\u00e9 spektrum farieb, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje mozgu<\/a> rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 farby viden\u00e9 okom.<\/p>\n

\u013dudia vn\u00edmaj\u00fa \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah modr\u00fdch t\u00f3nov<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci zistili, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00fd kr\u00e1tkovlnn\u00fd okruh ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdch buniek<\/strong>, ktor\u00fdmi disponuj\u00fa \u013eudia, ch\u00fdba u marmosetov<\/strong>. L\u00ed\u0161i sa tie\u017e od obvodu, ktor\u00fd mo\u017eno vidie\u0165 u makakov. Vedci rovnako identifikovali aj \u010fal\u0161ie odli\u0161nosti v spojeniach nervov\u00fdch buniek, ktor\u00e9 vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na to, ako \u013eudia a opice vn\u00edmaj\u00fa farby. Tvrdia, \u017ee to n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje vidie\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah modr\u00fdch t\u00f3nov.<\/p>\n

“\u013dudia dok\u00e1\u017eu vn\u00edma\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah modr\u00fdch t\u00f3nov v porovnan\u00ed s opicami.”, hovoria v\u00fdskumn\u00edci.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Poznanie \u0161pecifick\u00fdch, zlo\u017eit\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov\u00fdch obvodov, ktor\u00e9 k\u00f3duj\u00fa farbu videnia, by mohlo v bud\u00facnosti pom\u00f4c\u0165 vysvetli\u0165 p\u00f4vod farebn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed videnia<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre \u010dloveka charakteristick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u010co sp\u00f4sobilo rozdiely vo viden\u00ed farieb? Vedci nemaj\u00fa jasn\u00fa odpove\u010f<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci uviedli aj mo\u017enos\u0165, \u017ee rozdiely vo vizu\u00e1lnom obvode medzi cicavcami by mohli by\u0165 aspo\u0148 \u010diasto\u010dne formovan\u00e9 ich spr\u00e1van\u00edm a adapt\u00e1ciou na ekologick\u00e9 biotopy<\/strong>, v ktor\u00fdch sa pohybuj\u00fa. Marmosetovia \u017eij\u00fa v korun\u00e1ch stromov, zatia\u013e \u010do \u013eudia preferuj\u00fa \u017eivot na zemi. Schopnos\u0165 rozozna\u0165 zrel\u00e9 ovocie medzi meniacim sa svetlom lesa by napr\u00edklad mohla poskytn\u00fa\u0165 selekt\u00edvnu v\u00fdhodu pre ur\u010dit\u00fd typ farebn\u00e9ho vizu\u00e1lneho obvodu<\/strong>. V skuto\u010dnosti v\u0161ak \u00fa\u010dinky prostredia a spr\u00e1vania na obvod farebn\u00e9ho videnia e\u0161te neboli presk\u00faman\u00e9. Ide teda len o te\u00f3riu, ako do\u0161lo k rozdielom vo viden\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum zameran\u00fd na farebn\u00e9 videnie nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee \u013eudia dok\u00e1\u017eu vn\u00edma\u0165 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah farieb v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s opicami. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci vo svojom \u010dl\u00e1nku uverejnenom 25. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,21],"tags":[104,117,118],"class_list":["post-3432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ludia","category-zvierata","tag-clovek","tag-opica","tag-zrak"],"yoast_head":"\nVidia \u013eudia a opice farby rovnako? - Veda vo vrecku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vidia \u013eudia a opice farby rovnako? 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